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- $Unique_ID{BRK03958}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Macular Degeneration, Polymorphic}
- $Subject{Macular Degeneration Polymorphic Polymorphic Macula Lutea
- Degeneration Vitelline Macular Dystrophy Best Disease Cystoid Macular
- Degeneration Macular Cysts Sorsby Disease Hereditary hemorrhagic Macular
- Dystrophy Coloboma of Macula Sorsby Disease}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1993 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 315:
- Macular Degeneration, Polymorphic
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Polymorphic Macular
- Degeneration) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS
- listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Polymorphic Macula Lutea Degeneration
- Vitelline Macular Dystrophy, also known as Best Disease
- Cystoid Macular Degeneration, also known as Macular Cysts, or Sorsby
- Disease
- Hereditary hemorrhagic Macular Dystrophy
- Coloboma of Macula
- Sorsby Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Polymorphic Macular degeneration is a dominant hereditary vision disorder
- which includes Best Disease and Sorsby Disease. Best disease is also called
- vitelline macular dystrophy. The disorder affects both eyes and is usually
- diagnosed between five and fifteen years of age. Sorsby disease is also
- called macular cyst, or cystoid macular degeneration. Symptoms usually
- begin between twenty and forty years of age. This form of the disorder is
- marked by impairment of vision, possible color vision abnormality, and can be
- progressive in nature.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Polymorphic macular degeneration usually affects the macular region in both
- eyes. In Sorsby disease, swelling (edema), hemorrhage, exudate and cyst
- formation are noted. The cysts may vary in size and appearance. The cystic
- manifestations of the disorder may also appear in other family members. In
- advanced stages considerable atrophy may be observed.
-
- The initial cystic lesion may be overlooked during eye examination
- because the cyst may be hidden by an overlying or surrounding layer of
- retinal pigment cells. These cells, in the center of the macula, eventually
- atrophy.
-
- After bursting, the anterior wall of these cysts may become absorbed or
- covered by pigmentation.
-
- In Best disease, changes in the macular region as well as other areas of
- the eye may be noted before visual impairment occurs. The macular area may
- show a yellow mass resembling the yolk of an egg. This vitelline lesion may
- possibly be present at birth. Deep irregular pigmentation inside the eye may
- develop later.
-
- Causes
-
- Polymorphic macular degeneration is inherited as a dominant trait. (Human
- traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father and
- one from the mother. In dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease
- gene (received from either the mother or father) will be expressed
- "dominating" the normal gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The
- risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50%
- for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.)
-
- The gene for Best Disease has been mapped on chromosome 11.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Polymorphic macular degeneration may affect several members of the same
- family. Sorsby disease may begin between the ages of twenty and forty. The
- onset of Best disease is usually between the ages of five and fifteen years.
- Both conditions are rare.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Macular degeneration (macula lutea degeneration) is a similar hereditary
- vision disorder involving both dominant and recessive inheritance patterns.
- Several subgroups are included in this variant group, including Behr 1 and 2,
- Stargardt's, disciform macular degeneration, and senile macular dystrophy.
- (For more information, choose "macular degeneration" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Ongoing ophthalmic examination and treatment is indicated in macular
- degeneration, as well as other supportive measures. Genetic counseling for
- families affected by these disorders can be helpful.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Researchers at the Cullen Eye Institute of the Baylor College of Medicine in
- Houston, Texas are studying inherited retinal diseases including Polymorphic
- Macular Degeneration. Families with at least two affected members and both
- parents living are needed to participate in this program. Other disorders
- being included in the study are Leber's Congenital Amaurosis, Usher Syndrome
- (Types I and II), Macular Degeneration, Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome, Rod
- Monochromacy (Complete Congenital Achromatopsia).
-
- Other inherited retinal disorders of interest include blue cone
- monochromacy (Congenital Incomplete X-linked Achromatopsia), Choroideremia,
- the Oculo-Cerebro-Renal Syndrome of Lowe, Hereditary X-linked cataracts, and
- other hereditary diseases with significant visual impact.
-
- Laser treatments may be useful in treating macular degeneration. Krypton
- red laser (KRL) photocoagulation seems to be more suitable than argon blue-
- green or argon green laser treatments, according to one study, especially in
- the treatment of swelling (edema) resulting from the degeneration.
-
- Scientists at the University of Iowa have determined that the gene that
- results in Polymorphic Macular Degeneration (also known as Best's Disease) is
- located on chromosome 11. The researchers are hoping that this information
- will lead to the discovery of the exact gene that causes this disorder.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Polymorphic Macular Degeneration, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Association for Macular Diseases, Inc.
- 210 East 64th Street
- New York, NY 10021
- (212) 605-3719
-
- Macular Disease Research Center
- Eye Research Institute of Retina Foundation
- 20 Staniford Street
- Boston, MA 20114
- (617) 742-3140
-
- NIH/National Eye Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5248
-
- National Association for the Visually Handicapped
- 305 East 24th Street
- New York, NY 10010
- (212) 889-3141
-
- Vision Foundation, Inc.
- 818 Mt. Auburn St.
- Watertown, Mass. 02172
- (617) 926-4232
- (800) 852-3029 (within Mass.)
-
- American Foundation for the Blind (AFB)
- 1010 Vermont Ave., NW, Suite 1100
- New York, NY 10011
- (202) 393-3666
-
- References
-
- Moore, A.T., Taylor, D.S., Harden, A. : Bilateral Macular Dysplasia
- ('colobomata') and Congenital Retinal Dystrophy. BR J OPHTHALMOL,
- Sept. 1985; 69(9):691-9.
-
- Smiddy, W.E., Fine, S.L., Quigley, H.A., Hohman, R.M., Addicks, E.A.:
- Comparison of Krypton and Argon Laser Photocoagulation: Results of
- Stimulated Clinical Treatment of Primate Retina. ARCH OPHTHALMOL, July 1984;
- 102(7):1086-92.
-
- Public Affairs Pamphlet No. 610; A VISION IMPAIRMENT OF THE LATER YEARS:
- MACULAR DEGENERATION; Irving R. Dickman; Distributed as a public service by
- the American Foundation for the Blind.
-
-